Bibliography
Image Databases:
British Museum
Cleveland State University, Michael Schwartz Library, Special Collections
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Images from the History of Medicine, National Library of Medicine
Museum of Health Care at Kingston
Science Museum, London
The Trout Gallery
Wellcome Images
British Museum
Cleveland State University, Michael Schwartz Library, Special Collections
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Images from the History of Medicine, National Library of Medicine
Museum of Health Care at Kingston
Science Museum, London
The Trout Gallery
Wellcome Images
Secondary Sources
Brown, Alison R. “Reform and Curability in American Insane Asylums of the 1840’s: The Conflict of Motivation Between Humanitarian Efforts and the Efforts of the Superintendent ‘Brethren’,” Constructing the Past 11, Iss. 1, Article 4. http:// digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol11/iss1/4 (accessed December 2012).
Caplan, Ruth B. Psychiatry and the Community in Nineteenth-Century America: The Recurring Concern with the Environment in the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Illness. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1969.
Cohen, Stanley and Andrew Scull, ed. Social Control and the State. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.
Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. London: Routledge, 2001.
Gamwell, Lynn and Nancy Tomes. Madness in America: Cultural and Medical Perceptions of Mental Illness Before 1914. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Gilman, Sander. Seeing the Insane: A Cultural History of Madness and Art in the Western World. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
Green, Bryan Clark. In Jefferson's Shadow: The Architecture of Thomas R. Blackburn. New York: The Virginia Historical Society in Association with Princeton Architectural Press, 2006.
Grob, Gerald. American Social History before 1860. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts, 1970.
——— . From Asylum to Community: Mental Health Policy in Modern America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
———. Mental Illness and American Society, 1875-1940. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.
———. Mental Institution in America: Social Policy to 1875. New York: Free Press, 1972.
———. The Mad Among Us: A History of the Care of America’s Mentally Ill. New York: Free Press, 1994.
———. The State and the Mentally Ill: A History of Worcester State Hospital in Massachusetts, 1830-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966.
McGovern, Constance M. “The Community, the Hospital, and the Working-Class Patient: The Multiple Uses of Asylum in Nineteenth-Century America.” Pennsylvania History, Vol. 54, no. 1 (January 1987). http://www.jstor.org/stable/27773158 (accessed September 15, 2012).
Mechanic, David. Mental Health and Social Policy. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
Oppenheim, Janet. “Shattered Nerves”: Doctors, Patients, and Depression in Victorian England. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Porter, Roy. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.
Reassessing Foucault: Power, Medicine, and the Body. Edited by Colin Jones and Roy Porter. London: Routledge, 1994.
Rewriting the History of Madness: Studies in Foucault's "Histoire de la folie." Edited by Arthur Still and Irving Velody. London and New York: Routledge, 1992.
Rothman, David. Conscience and Convenience: The Asylum and its Alternatives in Progressive America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.
———. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.
Scull, Andrew, Charlotte MacKenzie, and Nicholas Hervey. Masters of Bedlam: The Transformation of the Mad-Doctoring Trade. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Scull, Andrew. Madness: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
———. Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen: The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.
———. “Madness and Segregative Control: The Rise of the Insane Asylum.” Social Problems, Vol. 24, no. 3 (Feb. 1977). http://www.jstor.org/stable/800085 (accessed September 15, 2012).
———. Museums of Madness: The Social Organization of Insanity in Nineteenth-century England. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979.
———. Social Order/Mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
———. The Insanity of Place, the Place of Insanity: Essays in the History of Psychiatry. London: Routledge, 2006.
Stevenson, Christine. Medicine and Magnificence: British Hospital and Asylum Architecture, 1660-1815. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000.
Sutton, John R. “The Political Economy of Madness: The Expansion of the Asylum in Progressive American.” American Sociological Review 56, no. 5 (Oct., 1991). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096087 (accessed November 4, 2012).
Taylor, Jeremy. Hospital and Asylum Architecture in England 1840-1914: Building for Health Care. London: Mansell, 1991.
——--The Architect and the Pavilion Hospital: Dialogue and Design Creativity in England 1850-1914. London and New York: Leicester University Press, 1997.
The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry. Edited by Roy Porter, Michael Shepherd and W.F. Bynum. London: Tavistock Publications, 1985.
The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives, 1800-1965. Edited by Roy Porter and David Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003.
Tomes, Nancy. A Generous Confidence: Thomas Story Kirkbride and the Art of Asylum-Keeping 1840-1883. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Yanni, Carla. The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 2007.
———“The Linear Plan for Insane Asylums in the United States before 1866,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 62, no. 1 (Mar., 2003). http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 3655082 (accessed September 2012).
Ziff, Katherine K. Asylum on the Hill: History of a Healing Landscape. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2012
Primary Sources
Account of the Ceremonies at the Laying of the Corner-Stone of the New York Asylum for Idiots at Syracuse, Sept. 8, 1854. Albany: J. Munsell, 1854.
Allen, John. “On the Treatment of Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 3 (January 1850): 263-283.
Annual Reports of the Officers of the New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum at Trenton, for the year MDCCCLX. Trenton: "True American" Office, 1861.
Augusta State Hospital. System of Regulations for the Maine Insane Hospital. Augusta: Wm. R. Smith & Co., Printers, 1840. U.S. National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (accessed February 22, 2013).
"Authority to Restrain the Insane." American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 3 (January 1846): 225-234.
"Asylums Exclusively for the Incurable Insane." American Journal of Insanity 1, no. 1 (July 1844): 50-52.
Bell, Luther. “Modern Improvements in the Construction, Ventilation and Warming of Buildings for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 1 (July 1845): 13-35.
———"On the Coercive Administration on Food to the Insane." American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 3 (January 1850): 223-235.
Brigham, Amariah. “Aubanel’s Restraining Bed.” American Journal of Insanity no. 2 (July 1846): 185-189.
Bucknill, John Charles. Notes on Asylums for the Insane in America. London: J. & A. Churchill, 1876.
Buttolph, H.A. “The Relation Between Phrenology and Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 2 (October 1849): 127-136.
———“Modern Asylums: and their Adaptation to the Treatment of the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 3, no. 4 (April 1847): 364-378.
C.B.C. “Life of Dr. Brigham.” American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 2 (October 1849): 185-192.
Conolly, John. The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane. London: C. and J. Adlard, 1847.
——--The Treatment of the Insane without Mechanical Restraints. London: Smith, Elder, &Co., 1856. http.//www.archive.org (accessed February 22. 2013).
“Definition of Insanity—Nature of the Disease.” American Journal of Insanity 1, no. 2 (October 1844): 97-116.
Delilez, Francis. The True Cause of Insanity Explained or The Terrible Experience of an Insane, Related by Himself: The Life of a Patient in an Insane Asylum by a Patient of the Northern Wisconsin Hospital at Winnebago, Wis. Minneapolis: L. Kimball & Co., Printers, 1888.
Earle, Pliny. A Visit to Thirteen Asylums for the Insane in Europe: to which are added a brief notice of similar institutions in transatlantic countries and in the United States, and an essay on the causes, duration, termination and moral treatment of insanity, with copious statistics. Philadelphia: Dobson, 1841.
——— “Bloodletting in Mental Disorders.” American Journal of Insanity 10, no. 4 (April 1854): 287-405.
——— “Historical and Descriptive Account of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 1 (July 1845): 1-13 .
——— “On the Causes of Insanity: As Exhibited by the Records of the Bloomingdale Asylum.” American Journal of Insanity 4, no. 3 (January 1848): 185-211.
Ellis, Sir. W.C. A Treatise on the Nature, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Insanity, with Practical Observations on Lunatic Asylums. London: Samuel Holdsworth, 1838.
Falbet, Jules. “On Moral Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 23, no. 3 (January 1867): 407-424.
Galt, John. “Fragments on Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 1, no. 2 (October 1844): 122-133.
———“On the Medico-Legal Question of the Confinement of the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 9, no. 3 (January 1853): 217-223.
Gray, John P. “Insanity, and Its Relations to Medicine.” American Journal of Insanity 25 no.2 (October 1868): 145-172.
Guislain, Joseph. Lettres Médicales Sue L’Italie, Avec Quelques Renseignements Sur La Suisse. France: Gand, Gyselynck, 1840.
Haskell, Ebenezer. The Trial of Ebenezer Haskell, in Lunacy, and His Acquittal Before Judge Brewster, In Novermber 1868. Philadelphia: Ebenezer Haskell, 1869.
Hill, Robert Gardiner. A Lecture on the Management of Lunatic Asylums, and the Treatment of the Insane; Delivered at the Mechanics’ Institution, Lincoln, of the 21st of June, 1838. London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1839.
Jarvis, Edward. Insanity and Insane Asylums. Louisville, Kentucky: Prentice and Weissinger, 1841.
Kirkbride, Thomas. “A Sketch of the History, Buildings, and Organization of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 2 (October 1845): 97-114.
———“Description of the Pleasure Grounds and Farm of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, with remarks,” American Journal of Insanity 4, no. 4 (April 1848): 347-354.
——--On the Construction, Organization and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1854. Google E-Book.
Lauder, Lindsay. "The Protection Bed and its Uses." American Journal of Insanity 36 (April 1880): 404-421.
"Life in the N.Y.State Lunatic Asylum; or, Extracts from the Diary of an Inmate." American Journal of Insanity 5 no. 4 (April 1849): 289-302.
"Managers Introduce New, Improved Western State Hospital." NBC29, September 25, 2013, http://www.nbc29.com/story/23529741/managers-introduce-new-improved-western-state-hospital (accessed 16 February, 2014).
“Moral Insanity,” American Journal of Insanity 14, no. 4 (April 1858): 311-322.
Ordronaux, John. “Moral Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity (January 1873): 313-340.
Packard, E.P.W. Modern Persecution, or Insane Asylums Unveiled, as Demonstrated by the Report of the Investigating Committee of the Legislature of Illinois. New York: Pelletreau & Raynor, Printers and Binders, 1873.
Parkman, George. Management of Lunatics: with Illustrations of Insanity. Boston: John Eliot, 1817.
——--Remarks on Insanity. Boston: 1818. U.S. National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (accessed February 22, 2013).
Pinel, Philippe. Treatise on Insanity. London: Messers, Cadell & Davis, Strand, 1806.
Ranney, M.H. “‘The Medical Treatment of Insanity’.” American Journal of Insanity 14, no. 1 (July 1857): 64-68.
Ray, Isaac. “An Examination of the Objections to the Doctrine of Moral Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 18 (October 1861): 112-138.
———“Observations on the Principal Hospitals for the Insane, In Great Britain, France, and Germany.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 4 (April 1846): 289-390.
Report on Insanity and Idiocy in Massachusetts. By the Commission on Lunacy under Resolve of the Legislature of 1854. Boston: William White, 1855.
Report of The Select Committee to Which was Referred the Memorial of Dr. Saunders and Others, Asking for an Investigation into the Causes of the Death of Norris Tarbell, at the State Lunatic Asylum at Utica. Transmitted to the Legislature, April 16, 1860. Albany: C. Van Benthuysen, 1860. U.S. National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (accessed February 22, 2013).
Report of the Trustees of the State Lunatic Asylum, with the documents accompanying the same, pursuant to the act of the Legislature passed May 26th 1841. New York State Senate, 1842.
“Restraint in British and American Insane Asylums,” American Journal of Insanity 34 (April 1878): 513-529.
Rush, Benjamin. Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind. Philadelphia: Kimber and Richardson, 1812.
Sandemanian File, Danbury Museum Archives, Danbury Museum and Historical Society. Danbury, Connecticut.
Standing Committee of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane. “On the Construction of Asylums.” American Journal of Insanity 8, no. 1 (July 1851): 79-81.
Sullivan, Laura. "Mentally Ill Are Often Locked Up In Jails That Can't Help." National Public Radio, January 20, 2014, http://www.npr.org/2014/01/20/263461940/mentally-ill-inmates-often-locked-up-in-jails-that-caint-help (accessed 16 February 2014).
“The Moral Treatment of Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 4, no. 1 (July 1847): 1-15.
Thomas S. Kirkbride. “A Sketch of the History, Buildings, and Organization of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 2 (October 1845): 97-114.
——— “Medical Association. Meeting of the Association of the Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 1, no. 3 (January 1845): 253-258.
Tuke, Daniel. The Insane in the United States and Canada. London: H. Wolff, 1885.
Tuke, Samuel. Account of the Rise and Progress of the Asylum, Proposed to be established, near Philadelphia: for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the use of their Reason: with an Abridged Account of the Retreat, a Similar Institution near York, in England. Philadelphia: Kimber and Conrad, 1814.
Waterston, R. C. The Condition of the Insane in Massachusetts. Boston: James Munroe and Company, 1843.
Welling, D. S. Information for the People: or the Asylums of Ohio with Miscellaneous Observations on Health, Diet, and Morals, and the Causes, Symptoms and Proper Treatment of Nervous Diseases and Insanity. Pittsburgh: Geo. Parkin & Co., 1851.
White, Samuel. Address on Insanity Before the New York State Medical Society. Albany: 1844. U.S. National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (accessed February 22, 2013).
Worthington, J.H. “On the Construction of Baths and the Utility of Warm and Cold Bathing in the Treatment of Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 7, no. 3 (January 1851): 201-213.
Wyman, Rufus. A Discourse on Mental Philosophy as Connected with Mental Disease, Delivered Before the Massachusetts Medical Society, June 2, 1830. Boston: The Daily Advertiser, 1830.
Brown, Alison R. “Reform and Curability in American Insane Asylums of the 1840’s: The Conflict of Motivation Between Humanitarian Efforts and the Efforts of the Superintendent ‘Brethren’,” Constructing the Past 11, Iss. 1, Article 4. http:// digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol11/iss1/4 (accessed December 2012).
Caplan, Ruth B. Psychiatry and the Community in Nineteenth-Century America: The Recurring Concern with the Environment in the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Illness. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1969.
Cohen, Stanley and Andrew Scull, ed. Social Control and the State. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.
Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. London: Routledge, 2001.
Gamwell, Lynn and Nancy Tomes. Madness in America: Cultural and Medical Perceptions of Mental Illness Before 1914. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Gilman, Sander. Seeing the Insane: A Cultural History of Madness and Art in the Western World. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
Green, Bryan Clark. In Jefferson's Shadow: The Architecture of Thomas R. Blackburn. New York: The Virginia Historical Society in Association with Princeton Architectural Press, 2006.
Grob, Gerald. American Social History before 1860. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts, 1970.
——— . From Asylum to Community: Mental Health Policy in Modern America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
———. Mental Illness and American Society, 1875-1940. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.
———. Mental Institution in America: Social Policy to 1875. New York: Free Press, 1972.
———. The Mad Among Us: A History of the Care of America’s Mentally Ill. New York: Free Press, 1994.
———. The State and the Mentally Ill: A History of Worcester State Hospital in Massachusetts, 1830-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966.
McGovern, Constance M. “The Community, the Hospital, and the Working-Class Patient: The Multiple Uses of Asylum in Nineteenth-Century America.” Pennsylvania History, Vol. 54, no. 1 (January 1987). http://www.jstor.org/stable/27773158 (accessed September 15, 2012).
Mechanic, David. Mental Health and Social Policy. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
Oppenheim, Janet. “Shattered Nerves”: Doctors, Patients, and Depression in Victorian England. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Porter, Roy. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.
Reassessing Foucault: Power, Medicine, and the Body. Edited by Colin Jones and Roy Porter. London: Routledge, 1994.
Rewriting the History of Madness: Studies in Foucault's "Histoire de la folie." Edited by Arthur Still and Irving Velody. London and New York: Routledge, 1992.
Rothman, David. Conscience and Convenience: The Asylum and its Alternatives in Progressive America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.
———. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.
Scull, Andrew, Charlotte MacKenzie, and Nicholas Hervey. Masters of Bedlam: The Transformation of the Mad-Doctoring Trade. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Scull, Andrew. Madness: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
———. Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen: The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.
———. “Madness and Segregative Control: The Rise of the Insane Asylum.” Social Problems, Vol. 24, no. 3 (Feb. 1977). http://www.jstor.org/stable/800085 (accessed September 15, 2012).
———. Museums of Madness: The Social Organization of Insanity in Nineteenth-century England. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979.
———. Social Order/Mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
———. The Insanity of Place, the Place of Insanity: Essays in the History of Psychiatry. London: Routledge, 2006.
Stevenson, Christine. Medicine and Magnificence: British Hospital and Asylum Architecture, 1660-1815. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000.
Sutton, John R. “The Political Economy of Madness: The Expansion of the Asylum in Progressive American.” American Sociological Review 56, no. 5 (Oct., 1991). http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096087 (accessed November 4, 2012).
Taylor, Jeremy. Hospital and Asylum Architecture in England 1840-1914: Building for Health Care. London: Mansell, 1991.
——--The Architect and the Pavilion Hospital: Dialogue and Design Creativity in England 1850-1914. London and New York: Leicester University Press, 1997.
The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry. Edited by Roy Porter, Michael Shepherd and W.F. Bynum. London: Tavistock Publications, 1985.
The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives, 1800-1965. Edited by Roy Porter and David Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003.
Tomes, Nancy. A Generous Confidence: Thomas Story Kirkbride and the Art of Asylum-Keeping 1840-1883. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Yanni, Carla. The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 2007.
———“The Linear Plan for Insane Asylums in the United States before 1866,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 62, no. 1 (Mar., 2003). http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 3655082 (accessed September 2012).
Ziff, Katherine K. Asylum on the Hill: History of a Healing Landscape. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2012
Primary Sources
Account of the Ceremonies at the Laying of the Corner-Stone of the New York Asylum for Idiots at Syracuse, Sept. 8, 1854. Albany: J. Munsell, 1854.
Allen, John. “On the Treatment of Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 3 (January 1850): 263-283.
Annual Reports of the Officers of the New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum at Trenton, for the year MDCCCLX. Trenton: "True American" Office, 1861.
Augusta State Hospital. System of Regulations for the Maine Insane Hospital. Augusta: Wm. R. Smith & Co., Printers, 1840. U.S. National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (accessed February 22, 2013).
"Authority to Restrain the Insane." American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 3 (January 1846): 225-234.
"Asylums Exclusively for the Incurable Insane." American Journal of Insanity 1, no. 1 (July 1844): 50-52.
Bell, Luther. “Modern Improvements in the Construction, Ventilation and Warming of Buildings for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 1 (July 1845): 13-35.
———"On the Coercive Administration on Food to the Insane." American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 3 (January 1850): 223-235.
Brigham, Amariah. “Aubanel’s Restraining Bed.” American Journal of Insanity no. 2 (July 1846): 185-189.
Bucknill, John Charles. Notes on Asylums for the Insane in America. London: J. & A. Churchill, 1876.
Buttolph, H.A. “The Relation Between Phrenology and Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 2 (October 1849): 127-136.
———“Modern Asylums: and their Adaptation to the Treatment of the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 3, no. 4 (April 1847): 364-378.
C.B.C. “Life of Dr. Brigham.” American Journal of Insanity 6, no. 2 (October 1849): 185-192.
Conolly, John. The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane. London: C. and J. Adlard, 1847.
——--The Treatment of the Insane without Mechanical Restraints. London: Smith, Elder, &Co., 1856. http.//www.archive.org (accessed February 22. 2013).
“Definition of Insanity—Nature of the Disease.” American Journal of Insanity 1, no. 2 (October 1844): 97-116.
Delilez, Francis. The True Cause of Insanity Explained or The Terrible Experience of an Insane, Related by Himself: The Life of a Patient in an Insane Asylum by a Patient of the Northern Wisconsin Hospital at Winnebago, Wis. Minneapolis: L. Kimball & Co., Printers, 1888.
Earle, Pliny. A Visit to Thirteen Asylums for the Insane in Europe: to which are added a brief notice of similar institutions in transatlantic countries and in the United States, and an essay on the causes, duration, termination and moral treatment of insanity, with copious statistics. Philadelphia: Dobson, 1841.
——— “Bloodletting in Mental Disorders.” American Journal of Insanity 10, no. 4 (April 1854): 287-405.
——— “Historical and Descriptive Account of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 1 (July 1845): 1-13 .
——— “On the Causes of Insanity: As Exhibited by the Records of the Bloomingdale Asylum.” American Journal of Insanity 4, no. 3 (January 1848): 185-211.
Ellis, Sir. W.C. A Treatise on the Nature, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Insanity, with Practical Observations on Lunatic Asylums. London: Samuel Holdsworth, 1838.
Falbet, Jules. “On Moral Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 23, no. 3 (January 1867): 407-424.
Galt, John. “Fragments on Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 1, no. 2 (October 1844): 122-133.
———“On the Medico-Legal Question of the Confinement of the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 9, no. 3 (January 1853): 217-223.
Gray, John P. “Insanity, and Its Relations to Medicine.” American Journal of Insanity 25 no.2 (October 1868): 145-172.
Guislain, Joseph. Lettres Médicales Sue L’Italie, Avec Quelques Renseignements Sur La Suisse. France: Gand, Gyselynck, 1840.
Haskell, Ebenezer. The Trial of Ebenezer Haskell, in Lunacy, and His Acquittal Before Judge Brewster, In Novermber 1868. Philadelphia: Ebenezer Haskell, 1869.
Hill, Robert Gardiner. A Lecture on the Management of Lunatic Asylums, and the Treatment of the Insane; Delivered at the Mechanics’ Institution, Lincoln, of the 21st of June, 1838. London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1839.
Jarvis, Edward. Insanity and Insane Asylums. Louisville, Kentucky: Prentice and Weissinger, 1841.
Kirkbride, Thomas. “A Sketch of the History, Buildings, and Organization of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 2 (October 1845): 97-114.
———“Description of the Pleasure Grounds and Farm of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, with remarks,” American Journal of Insanity 4, no. 4 (April 1848): 347-354.
——--On the Construction, Organization and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1854. Google E-Book.
Lauder, Lindsay. "The Protection Bed and its Uses." American Journal of Insanity 36 (April 1880): 404-421.
"Life in the N.Y.State Lunatic Asylum; or, Extracts from the Diary of an Inmate." American Journal of Insanity 5 no. 4 (April 1849): 289-302.
"Managers Introduce New, Improved Western State Hospital." NBC29, September 25, 2013, http://www.nbc29.com/story/23529741/managers-introduce-new-improved-western-state-hospital (accessed 16 February, 2014).
“Moral Insanity,” American Journal of Insanity 14, no. 4 (April 1858): 311-322.
Ordronaux, John. “Moral Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity (January 1873): 313-340.
Packard, E.P.W. Modern Persecution, or Insane Asylums Unveiled, as Demonstrated by the Report of the Investigating Committee of the Legislature of Illinois. New York: Pelletreau & Raynor, Printers and Binders, 1873.
Parkman, George. Management of Lunatics: with Illustrations of Insanity. Boston: John Eliot, 1817.
——--Remarks on Insanity. Boston: 1818. U.S. National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (accessed February 22, 2013).
Pinel, Philippe. Treatise on Insanity. London: Messers, Cadell & Davis, Strand, 1806.
Ranney, M.H. “‘The Medical Treatment of Insanity’.” American Journal of Insanity 14, no. 1 (July 1857): 64-68.
Ray, Isaac. “An Examination of the Objections to the Doctrine of Moral Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 18 (October 1861): 112-138.
———“Observations on the Principal Hospitals for the Insane, In Great Britain, France, and Germany.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 4 (April 1846): 289-390.
Report on Insanity and Idiocy in Massachusetts. By the Commission on Lunacy under Resolve of the Legislature of 1854. Boston: William White, 1855.
Report of The Select Committee to Which was Referred the Memorial of Dr. Saunders and Others, Asking for an Investigation into the Causes of the Death of Norris Tarbell, at the State Lunatic Asylum at Utica. Transmitted to the Legislature, April 16, 1860. Albany: C. Van Benthuysen, 1860. U.S. National Library of Medicine Digital Collections (accessed February 22, 2013).
Report of the Trustees of the State Lunatic Asylum, with the documents accompanying the same, pursuant to the act of the Legislature passed May 26th 1841. New York State Senate, 1842.
“Restraint in British and American Insane Asylums,” American Journal of Insanity 34 (April 1878): 513-529.
Rush, Benjamin. Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind. Philadelphia: Kimber and Richardson, 1812.
Sandemanian File, Danbury Museum Archives, Danbury Museum and Historical Society. Danbury, Connecticut.
Standing Committee of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane. “On the Construction of Asylums.” American Journal of Insanity 8, no. 1 (July 1851): 79-81.
Sullivan, Laura. "Mentally Ill Are Often Locked Up In Jails That Can't Help." National Public Radio, January 20, 2014, http://www.npr.org/2014/01/20/263461940/mentally-ill-inmates-often-locked-up-in-jails-that-caint-help (accessed 16 February 2014).
“The Moral Treatment of Insanity.” American Journal of Insanity 4, no. 1 (July 1847): 1-15.
Thomas S. Kirkbride. “A Sketch of the History, Buildings, and Organization of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.” American Journal of Insanity 2, no. 2 (October 1845): 97-114.
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